Calculus: what is it?
The scale is the thickening and hardening (mineralization) of dental plaque. Plaque is a sticky film composed primarily of bacteria but also of salivary proteins, sugars and acids, which accumulate on the teeth. The scale forms most often on the lower incisors, the side of the tongue, but also on the other teeth in poor oral hygiene. The scale forms more or less quickly depending on the individual, depending on the quantity and quality of saliva (pH variation) produced. Saliva helps to remove food particles and bacteria from the mouth.
Associated disorders
The accumulation of plaque and tartar promotes:
Tooth decay.
Gingivitis: inflammation and bleeding gums.
Periodontitis: destruction of the ligaments and bones that support the teeth, often leading to tooth loss.
Bad breath (halitosis).
Abscesses and tooth pain.
Eventually, untreated gum disease can increase the risk:
Respiratory diseases. The bacteria contained in the plaque can migrate from the mouth to the lungs, causing infection or aggravating existing lung disease.
On premature delivery or low birth weight babies born. Bacteria in the mouth during gingivitis or periodontitis could contaminate the placenta or amniotique3 liquid.
People with diabetes are more vulnerable to cavities and gum disease. In return, these diseases can make diabetes more difficult to control because of an increased presence of bacteria transmitted through blood, which results in raising blood sugar levels.
Dental Hygiene and cardiovascular disease
For nearly a century, many studies have shown that people with periodontal disease are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as arteriosclerosis and stroke (CVA) 1.5. The bacteria involved could spread into the circulation and cause heart ailments. However, research over the last 20 years have shown that the direct link between the two diseases was rather controversial.
But a recent report from the American Heart Association (2012) analyzed over 500 articles published in scientific journals since the late 19502. The researchers conclude that both conditions share common risk factors. For example, they are common in the elderly, smokers and people with diabetes, arthritis or obesity.
However, there is no evidence that dental infections lead or increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although treatment of tartar or gum infections to reduce the signs of inflammation in the body and allow better overall health, it would not reduce the risk of heart problems. Given the very high incidence of these diseases, other studies are needed to elucidate their possible link. If preventive measures are recommended, they could have a strong impact on public health.
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