Canker sores are small shallow ulcers that are formed mostly on the mucous membranes inside the mouth, on the inside of the cheeks, tongue, the inner face of lips, palate or gums. Canker sores may also appear on the genitals, but rarely. It will only issue here canker sores in the mouth.
When canker sores occur repeatedly, it is called aphthous stomatitis. The stomatitis word means that there is an inflammation of mucous membranes inside the mouth.
The mouth sores are common: about 17% of the population is reached at a time of his life. Often the first outbreak of canker sores appear during childhood. Then the symptoms return during certain periods, and then disappear definitively during the thirties.
Aphthous stomatitis may manifest in various ways.
Minor form: from 1 to 5 oval ulcers (2 mm to 1 cm diameter) that naturally recover within 7 to 14 days without scarring. Canker sores occur in this form in 80% of cases.
Major form: larger ulcers (more than 1 cm in diameter), the irregular contour, which can take 6 weeks to heal and often leave scars.
Herpetiformis Form: 10-100 of tiny ulcers (less than 3 mm in diameter) with irregular contours coming together little by little, then form an ulcer area, which lasts 1 to 2 weeks without scarring.
Evolution
Pain during most time of 2 to 5 days. Ulcer healing can, however, requiring 1 to 3 weeks.
Diagnosis
When symptoms resembling those mouth sores occur repeatedly, it is best to consult a doctor. This will perform a complete physical examination, which will allow it to make a diagnosis.
If, in addition to mouth ulcers, redness in the eyes, joint pain, persistent diarrhea of or abdominal pain are present, it is important to consult without delay.
Similar ulcers mouth ulcers can be caused by chronic disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis), celiac disease or Behçet's disease.
Furthermore, mouth ulcers may resemble mucositis: inflammation of the lining of the mouth which sometimes creates small lesions. Individuals whose immune system is weakened (due to HIV infection or treatment against cancer, for example) are more likely to have ulcers that could be confused with canker sores.
Causes
The causes of canker sores are not yet well established. Canker sores are not infectious and therefore not contagious. Several factors, including heredity, may contribute.
However, scientists have noted the factors that tend to trigger symptoms in people.
A small wound inside the mouth. It can be caused by a bad fit of the dental prosthesis, a dental surgery by a too forceful use of the toothbrush by a biting of the cheek, etc.
Physical fatigue and stress. These often precede the appearance of canker sores.
Allergies or food sensitivities. It is reported in the scientific literature linking the recurrence of ulcers and allergies or food sensitivities (eg, coffee, chocolate, eggs, nuts, cheese, highly acidic foods and preservatives, such as benzoic acid and cinnamaldehyde) 1-4.
A dietary deficiency of vitamin B12, zinc, iron or folic acid.
A smoking cessation. Canker sores may occur during smoking cessation.
Infection with Helicobacter pylori, the same bacteria that can cause ulcers in the stomach or small intestine.
Certain drugs. Anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen and others), beta-blockers (propranolol and other) and alendronate (against osteoporosis) can cause ulcers.
Hormonal changes related to menstrual cycle, possibly. The ulcers tend to occur during menstruation, but this link is uncertain.
Note. Using a toothpaste containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (called sodium lauryl sulfate, in English), an ingredient contained in most toothpastes, may increase the risk of mouth ulcers. It would make the inside of the mouth more susceptible to injury by removing the protective layer which covers it. However, this hypothesis remains to be verified. Some small-scale clinical trials suggest that the use of a toothpaste without sodium dodecyl sulfate reduces the frequency of periods aphtes5-7. However, a recent clinical trial found that the type of toothpaste used had no influence on aphtes8.
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