Halitosis or bad breath is having a term whose smell is unpleasant. Most often, it is the bacteria on the tongue or teeth that produce these odors. Although halitosis is a minor health problem, however, it may be a source of stress and social disadvantage.
Most cases of bad breath from the mouth itself and may be caused by:
Some foods containing oils which give off a peculiar odor, such as garlic, onions or some spices. Such foods, when digested, are transformed into potentially odorous components which pass into the bloodstream, travel to the lungs where they are source of fragrant breath until they are eliminated from the body.
Poor oral hygiene: when oral hygiene is insufficient, persistent food particles between the teeth and between the gum and teeth are colonized by bacteria emit malodorous chemical compounds based on sulfur. Microscopic uneven surface of the tongue may also house food debris and bacteria that cause malodour.
An oral infection: caries or periodontal disease (infection or abscess of the gums, or periodontitis).
A dry mouth (xerostomia or hyposialia). Saliva is a natural mouthwash. It contains antibacterial substances eliminating germs and particles responsible for bad breath. At night, saliva production decreases, which is the source of bad breath in the morning.
Alcohol consumption, breathing through the mouth rather than the nose and disorders of the salivary glands.
Tobacco products. Smoking dries the mouth and smokers are also at greater risk of dental disease, which causes halitosis.
Hormones. During ovulation and pregnancy, high levels of hormones increase the production of dental plaque, which colonized by bacteria, can cause foul breath.
Halitosis can sometimes be a symptom of a more serious health problem such as:
Respiratory diseases. An infection of the sinuses or throat (tonsillitis) may cause plenty of mucus that causes bad breath.
Some cancers or metabolic problems can cause bad breath characteristic.
Diabetes.
Gastroesophageal reflux.
Kidney failure or liver disease.
Some medications, such as antihistamines or decongestants, like those used to treat high blood pressure, urinary disorders or psychiatric problems (antidepressants, antipsychotics) may contribute to bad breath by drying the mouth.
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