What is orthodontics?
Orthodontic treatment aims to correct the position of the teeth and jaw for aesthetic or functional purposes to aid chewing, phonation (= production of own sounds to the spoken language), breathing, swallowing and hygiene .
At what age should one start orthodontic treatment?
A treatment can benefit at any age but the ideal is to begin when the four incisors "final" top and bottom are present or when there is a gap between the upper teeth and lower teeth. Usually, the dentist will determine when it will be necessary to consult and guide the patient to a specialist. According to the French Union for Oral Health (UFSBD), 60% of children aged between 9 and 12 years should follow orthodontic treatment.
The warning signals
Most often, the dentist guides the patient if it finds a problem and if it considers that orthodontic treatment should be considered. Nevertheless, some signs may alert you, especially when you notice:
A gap between the upper and lower jaws
A lack of contact between the upper teeth and lower teeth
A persistent deciduous tooth after 13 years
That, mouth closed, the lower teeth touch palate
A lack of space for all teeth
Mouth breathing or snoring
A speech impediment.
The various orthodontic problems
The position of the teeth and jaw facilitates occlusion (= articulation of the upper teeth with those below). If malocclusion that is to say when the upper teeth do not mesh well with those below, there may be difficulty chewing, increased wear of some teeth, muscle tension and pain.
The main problems that can be encountered are:
A horizontal overhang that is to say when the upper teeth forward.
A closed occlusion when the anterior teeth cover the lower anterior teeth too.
A negative overjet that is to say when the upper teeth can be inserted inside the lower teeth.
A dental gap when the posterior teeth are touching and this results in an opening between the front teeth of the upper and lower.
A cross bite that is to say when the upper teeth do not line up with the teeth of the corresponding low
A gap or gaps between the teeth
One or crowded teeth.
Orthodontic treatment
When the orthodontist finds a malfunction, it places a device that forces either exercise on bone bases (beware, this treatment can not be performed when growth is complete) or on teeth.
There are different dental appliances:
The "fixed" devices such as rings, for example.
The extraoral anchorage, a device that is fixed around the head or neck in order to guide movement of the teeth and development of the jaws. It is designed for the evening and night.
Removable devices such as "faux-palace".
The retention devices.
Finally, the orthodontist may use oral surgery to extract a tooth for example, or maxillofacial surgery to reposition the jaw in particular.
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